Sichuan has a complete industrial system. It stands out as one of the three major national bases for power equipment manufacturing and one of the four major bases for the electronic information industry in China. Through simultaneous advancements in scientific and technological innovation and the successful application of research outcomes, the province has seen steady growth in new quality productive forces. Additionally, 29 achievements have been honored with national science and technology awards. The added value from the six advantageous industries, the high-tech manufacturing industry, and the green, low-carbon industry grew by 6.9 percent, 8.4 percent, and 10.2 percent, respectively. Emerging sectors, such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, unmanned aerial vehicles, and nuclear technology applications, saw growth exceeding 20 percent. The province has expanded its network of advanced manufacturing clusters to five. Additionally, 1,200 national high-tech enterprises have been newly added, bringing the total to 18,000. Industrial investment has achieved double-digit growth, with technological transformation investments increasing by 9.6 percent. The number of newly established business entities has surged by 1.05 million, pushing the total to 9.2 million.

Sichuan boasts significant strength in science and education. Sichuan is one of the eight national pilot zones for systematically advancing comprehensive innovation reform. It has a number of major regional innovation platforms, including the China (Sichuan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Chengdu National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, Tianfu New Area, China (Mianyang) Science and Technology City, and Panxi Strategic Resource Innovation Pilot Zone. A total of 115 disciplines across 19 universities have achieved global recognition for their high academic standards. Additionally, seven new institutions have been authorized to award doctoral or master's degrees. Furthermore, 246 new academic programs have been established in response to urgent needs and to cater to emerging interdisciplinary fields. The province also hosts 7 university science parks at the national level and 14 at the provincial level.

Sichuan is rich in natural resources. It has three world natural heritage sites (Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area,  Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area, and Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries), one world cultural heritage site (Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System), and one world cultural and natural heritage site (Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area). As of the end of 2024, the province is home to 154 nature reserves, covering a total area of 79,000 square kilometers. The province has successfully established 39 national demonstration zones for eco-environmental progress and 10 innovative bases for practicing the concept that "Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains Are Invaluable Assets". As of year-end 2024, the province has established 55 wetland parks, with 29 of them designated as national wetland parks (including pilot projects).

Sichuan is steeped in history and time-honored cultures. During the pre-Qin period (prior to 221 BC), the area that is now Sichuan Province was part of the ancient Ba and Shu states. In the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), this region was administratively organized as Chuanxia Circuit. (The term "circuit" was used to denote a large administrative district in the Song dynasty.) Subsequently, it was subdivided into four administrative regions: Yizhou, Zizhou, Lizhou, and Kuizhou circuits, collectively known as the Sichuan Circuit, a name that gives rise to the present designation of "Sichuan". Sichuan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese Daoism, the cradle of the ancient Shu civilization, and the site where the world's earliest paper money, Jiaozi, was introduced. Among Sichuan's diverse cultural traditions, Shujin brocade and Sichuan shadow puppetry have been recognized on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Sichuan’s rich heritage encompasses centuries-old traditions related to salt production and the crafting of alcoholic beverages. The region is also a vibrant showcase of the cultures associated with the Three Kingdoms period, the history of the Red Army, and the Ba people. Particularly notable are the ancient Shu civilizations represented by the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites, which are spectacular and shrouded in mystery. As of the end of 2024, Sichuan has 253 public museums, 169 cultural heritage management institutions, 262 major historical and cultural sites under state protection, and 1,214 historical and cultural sites under provincial protection. It also claims 153 entries in the representative list of state-level intangible cultural heritage items and 1,132 items in the provincial-level intangible cultural heritage list.